The most famous and acclaimed poems of Keats are a series of six odes known as the Odes of The most highly regarded among these is To Autumn , which has been called one of the most perfect short poems in the English language.
Through his odes, Keats created a new type of short lyrical poem, which influenced later generations. To Autumn Ode on a Grecian Urn When I have Fears Lifespan: February 26, — May 22, Nationality: French. Victor Hugo is one of the most famous French writers of all time. Though most famous in the literary world for his great novel Les Miserables , his poetry is also very well known, especially in France.
His next poetry collection Odes et Ballades , published four years later, established him as a master of lyric and creative song. He had to leave France and settle in Guernsey. Victor Hugo was at the forefront of the French Romantic literary movement and he is the best known French Romantic poet. Le Pape The Pope; Lifespan: January 22, — April 19, Lord Byron is often described as the most flamboyant and notorious of the major Romantics due to his indulgent life and numerous love affairs.
Many of his poems are autobiographic in nature and much of his work is pervaded by the Byronic hero , an idealised but flawed character capable of great passion and talent but rebellious, arrogant and self-destructive. Lord Byron is considered the leading second generation Romantic poet and he continues to be influential and widely read. Don Juan She Walks in Beauty Lifespan: April 7, — April 23, Wordsworth, along with Coleridge, launched the Romantic Age in English literature with the publication of Lyrical Ballads in Here he became friends with another prominent poet, Robert Southey.
Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey were the three main figures of the group known as Lake Poets, as they all lived in the Lake District. The years to are now recognized as the best years of Wordsworth and are known as his Great Decade.
After struggling initially, Wordsworth became one of the most renowned poets in his later years and was appointed Poet Laureate of Britain in The Prelude , an autobiographical epic, is widely regarded by critics as his greatest work though his most popular poem is perhaps I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, commonly known as Daffodils.
The Transcendentalist movement was a reaction against 18th century rationalism and a manifestation of the general humanitarian trend of nineteenth century thought. The movement was based on a fundamental belief in the unity of the world and God.
The soul of each individual was thought to be identical with the world—a microcosm of the world itself. The doctrine of self-reliance and individualism developed through the belief in the identification of the individual soul with God. Transcendentalism was intimately connected with Concord, a small New England village thirty-two kilometers west of Boston. Concord was the first inland settlement of the original Massachusetts Bay Colony. It was a place of high-minded conversation and simple living Emerson and Henry David Thoreau both had vegetable gardens.
Emerson, who moved to Concord in , and Thoreau are most closely associated with the town, but the locale also attracted the novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne, the feminist writer Margaret Fuller, the educator and father of novelist Louisa May Alcott Bronson Alcott, and the poet William Ellery Channing.
The Transcendental Club was loosely organized in and included, at various times, Emerson, Thoreau, Fuller, Channing, Bronson Alcott, Orestes Brownson a leading minister , Theodore Parker abolitionist and minister , and others.
The Transcendentalists published a quarterly magazine, The Dial , which lasted four years and was first edited by Margaret Fuller and later by Emerson. Reform efforts engaged them as well as literature. Unlike many European groups, the Transcendentalists never issued a manifesto. They insisted on individual differences — on the unique viewpoint of the individual.
American Transcendental Romantics pushed radical individualism to the extreme. American writers often saw themselves as lonely explorers outside society and convention. For the Romantic American writer, nothing was a given. Literary and social conventions, far from being helpful, were dangerous.
There was tremendous pressure to discover an authentic literary form, content, and voice — all at the same time. It is clear from the many masterpieces produced in the three decades before the U. Civil War —65 that American writers rose to the challenge. Ralph Waldo Emerson, the towering figure of his era, had a religious sense of mission. Most of his major ideas—the need for a new national vision, the use of personal experience, the notion of the cosmic Over-Soul, and the doctrine of compensation—are suggested in his first publication, Nature This essay opens:.
Our age is retrospective. It builds the sepulchres of the fathers. It writes biographies, histories, criticism. The foregoing generations beheld God and nature face to face; we, through their eyes. Why should not we also enjoy an original relation to the universe? Why should not we have a poetry of insight and not of tradition, and a religion by revelation to us, and not the history of theirs.
Embosomed for a season in nature, whose floods of life stream around and through us, and invite us by the powers they supply, to action proportioned to nature, why should we grope among the dry bones of the past…?
The sun shines today also. There is more wool and flax in the fields. There are new lands, new men, new thoughts. Let us demand our own works and laws and worship. If the red slayer think he slay Or the slain think he is slain, They know not well the subtle ways I keep, and pass, and turn again. Far or forgot to me is near Shadow and sunlight are the same; The vanished gods to me appear; And one to me are shame and fame.
They reckon ill who leave me out; When me they fly, I am the wings; I am the doubter and the doubt, And I the hymn the Brahmin sings The strong gods pine for my abode, And pine in vain the sacred Seven, But thou, meek lover of the good!
Find me, and turn thy back on heaven. This poem, published in the first number of the Atlantic Monthly magazine , confused readers unfamiliar with Brahma, the highest Hindu god, the eternal and infinite soul of the universe.
Henry David Thoreau, of French and Scottish descent, was born in Concord and made it his permanent home. From a poor family, like Emerson, he worked his way through Harvard. Throughout his life, he reduced his needs to the simplest level and managed to live on very little money, thus maintaining his independence. One of his most famous works is Adonais This was a pastoral elegy , a poem combining death and rural life, written for John Keats.
The poem mourns the death of Keats and his contribution to poetry. Lord Byron differed from the writing styles of Keats and Shelley.
He was heavily influenced by the satire and wit from the previous period and infused this in his poetry. His satire Don Juan is told in 17 cantos , divisions of long poems, and is based on the traditional legend of Don Juan. Byron changes the original telling of the story and instead of creating a womanizing character, he makes Don Juan someone easily seduced by women.
It describes the reflections of a young man who is seeking new beginnings in foreign countries after experiencing many years of war. This poem is significant because it introduced the Byronic hero , typically a handsome and intelligent man with a tendency to be moody, cynical, and rebellious against social norms. During the Romantic Period the novel grew in popularity and became one of the major sources of entertainment for middle class citizens. Authors began to tailor their writing to appeal to this audience.
Sir Walter Scott gained popularity during this time, both in Britain and around Europe. He mainly wrote within the genre of historical romances and made this a viable form of fiction for later writers.
Scott also focused on his home country of Scotland, often writing about its beauty and romanticism. The rebellious group sought to restore the Stuart dynasty to Charles Edward Stuart. The hero, Edward Waverly, is commissioned to the army and sent to Scotland in While there, he joins the Jacobite groups even though he knows they will fail and is imprisoned; however, he is ultimately freed.
While this was his first success, generally The Antiquary , Old Mortality , and The Heart of Midlothian are considered his masterpieces. During the second half of the 18 th century, gothic fiction began to increase in popularity in Great Britain.
This came from a look back to medieval times. Often this genre would combine supernatural and mysterious elements with the castles and dungeons of the past. Teach This Poem. Follow Us. Find Poets. Poetry Near You. Jobs for Poets. Read Stanza. Privacy Policy. Press Center.
0コメント