However, it would be misleading to say that discomfort rarely accompanies hernia. As a matter of fact, symptoms attributable to hernia are probably quite common. The problem is that because of the naturally overt physical presence of a hernia, health care professionals are not well versed in eliciting a history of obscure hernia symptoms.
Moreover, most physicians are not skilled in searching for the physical signs that may signify an occult hernia. For some, if a hernia cannot be seen or felt, it does not exist.
Nothing, of course, could be further from the truth. Herniosis is the process of developing a hernia. Other terms are important in the discussion of hernias. A hernia is incarcerated when it cannot be reduced from the hernia site. A strangulated hernia is typically an incarcerated hernia where the herniated content's blood supply has been cut off. A Richter's hernia has only a portion of the herniated bowel, usually antimesenteric surface, incarcerated within the parieties of a hernia defect.
A Spigelian hernia is a fully developed intraparietal hernia sited between the walls of a body cavity. Spigelian hernias, however, are fully developed hernias that can incarcerate and strangulate just like those hernias that present externally. With the exception of congenital defects, which allow for spontaneous herniation, the development of a hernia probably encompasses a several-step process that involves alteration of connective tissue abnormal collagen structure, fibroblast dysfunction, increased elastiolytic enzyme levels secondary to cigarette smoking, diet, connective tissue disorders, and other factors , mechanical stress, and aging.
At one time, medical opinion held that hernias never occurred without the presence of a developmental diverticulum. Russell's saccular theory, in vogue during the early 20 th century, rejects the view that hernia can ever be acquired in the pathological sense:. Over 80 years ago, Harrison was one of the first to refute the saccular theory. Perhaps the best way to conceptualize herniosis from a mechanistic perspective is to use the model for obturator hernia proposed by Gray, Skandalakis, Soria, and Rowe.
The second stage involves invagination of peritoneum. A nascent opening in the peritoneum develops and gradually evolves into the third stage of hernia development, an overt pocket or space of sufficient size for entrance of abdominal content. It is at this stage that most hernias become evident as a bulge or lump of the abdominal or pelvic sidewall. The hernia is visible but is usually not painful.
Women may not have a noticeable bulge. If symptoms indicate a possible hernia but your doctor cannot confirm it by an exam, an MRI can provide definitive evidence.
A: Treatment varies depending on the type of hernia, symptoms and the patient's sex. Inguinal hernias in women are more likely to become emergencies. Women also have a greater chance of developing complications than in men. So, we typically recommend surgical repair after diagnosis. Studies of men with inguinal hernias indicate the risk of having an emergency, like part of the bowel getting stuck or strangled in the muscle gap, is quite low.
But because hernias tend to grow larger or cause symptoms over time, most men will require surgery within 10 years of hernia diagnosis. There are two surgical treatments for inguinal hernias.
Minimally invasive surgery is often performed laparoscopically, requiring only keyhole-size incisions through which a tiny camera and instruments can be inserted to make repairs. Minimally invasive robotic surgery similar to laparoscopy, but surgeons use a controller to move instruments is also an option.
With minimally invasive surgery, patients are back to their regular activity within two weeks. Open surgery is the other treatment option — recovery takes four to six weeks. Also learn how to keep it clean, how to treat the odor, and more.
Discover possible causes of belly button discharge, such as infection or surgery. Also learn when you should seek treatment, prevention tips, and more. This article will discuss the different areas in the body where hernias can occur, plus guide you to more in-depth articles about each type of hernia.
Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Do Hernias Hurt? Hernia types Pain and other symptoms Complications Treatment Takeaway Hernia symptoms , including pain, can differ depending on the type of hernia you have.
Types of hernias. Are hernias painful? How do you treat a hernia? Read this next. Inguinal Hernia. Medically reviewed by Stacy Sampson, D. Femoral Hernia. Medically reviewed by Elaine K. Luo, M. Hiatal Hernia. Medically reviewed by Alana Biggers, M. This too may cause localized pain, or may cause pain at a more distant area and is called Referred Pain. If the hernia irritates, inflames or damages nearby nerves, the pain felt from the hernia may not be at the site of the hernia, but rather at the area to which these nerves are traveling.
This is because nerves that supply sensation to these remote areas travel through the inguinal canal site of the hernia and may therefore be irritated or inflamed by the hernia itself. If the abdominal contents have become trapped or damaged within the confines of the hernia, as is the case with hernia Incarceration or Strangulation, the pain may well become more generalized in location and may even involve the entire abdomen if secondary peritonitis develops.
As police waited for paramedics to arrive, the man pulled out the knife and shoved a cigarette he was smoking inside the open wound. A person cannot fix a hiatal hernia themself, but several at-home and medical treatment options can help relieve the symptoms.
An incisional hernia occurs when the abdominal wall is weakened and tissue or organs push through, causing a bulge. Learn more here.
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